Standardized Battery Management Systems (BMS) are designed to control the lithium battery, but these systems fall short by leaving thermal management and cell and cell pack safety vulnerable. Battery packs consist of multiple cells. To ensure EV clearance, the cell structure is wrapped around the top, bottom, left, and right. When the runaway phenomenon caused by external shocks or poor conditions accumulates internally it can expand, resulting in fire. Therefore, it’s impossible to eliminate fire risk and ensure safety with most of the pre-installed BMS designs.

In addition, the heat transferred through the sensors and thermostats installed in EV and ESS battery packs can cause BMS instability. When the BMS overheats, it increases the risk of failure and subsequent fire. Fire occurs when the heat from the battery pack is transferred too quickly. A fire can start before the BMS can issue commands or actions to the EV or ESS. This can leave the driver trapped inside. If they are lucky enough to escape, the vehicle is destroyed. Either way, the fire may spread. In addition, an explosion or small battery pack fire renders the entire system inoperable, even if the remaining packs are operable.